水夹点技术在高校食堂洗菜工艺中的应用

以洗菜工艺为例,利用水夹点技术对某高校中某食堂清洁用水进行分析,实现了生活用水的节水减排目标,节约水量分别占洗菜工艺和全用水过程的65％和28％.     

Effects of structural parameters on water film properties of transpiring wall reactor

Corrosion and salt deposition problems severely restrict the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation. Transpiring wall reactor can effectively weaken these two problems by a protective water film. In this work, methanol was selected as organic matter, and the influences of vital structural parameters on water film properties and organic matter removal were studied via numerical simulation. The results indicate that higher than 99% of methanol conversion could be obtained and hardly affected by transpiration water layer, transpiring wall porosity and inner diameter. Increasing layer and porosity reduced reactor center temperature, but inner diameter's influence was lower relatively. Water film temperature reduced but coverage rate raised as layer, porosity, and inner diameter increased. Notably, the whole reactor was in supercritical state and coverage rate was only approximately 85% in the case of one layer. Increasing reactor length affected slightly the volume of the upper supercritical zone but enlarged the subcritical zone.     

A review on direct synthesis of dimethoxymethane

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are recognized as the prospective diesel additive to decrease the pollutant emission from the light-duty vehicles, which can be polymerize form the monomer of dimethoxymethane (DMM). The industrial synthesis of DMM is mainly involved two-step process: methanol is oxidized to form the formaldehyde in fixed bed reactor and then reacted with the generated formaldehyde through acetalization in continuous stirred-tank reactor. Due to huge energy consumption, this typical synthesis route of DMM needs to be upgraded and more green routes should be determined. In this review, four state-of-the-art one-step direct synthetic routes, including two upgrading routes (methanol direct oxidation and direct dehydrogenation) and two green routes (methanol diethyl ether direct oxidation and carbon oxides direct hydrogenation), have been summarized and compared. Combination with the reaction mechanism and catalytic performance on the different catalysts, the challenges and opportunities for every synthetic route are proposed. The relationships between catalyst structure and property in different synthesis strategy are also investigated and then the suggestions of the design of catalyst are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and synthesis technology to realize their commercial applications in the near future.     

塔康机载设备识别信号的设计与实现

音频识别是塔康机载设备的一个重要功能指标。早期的塔康机载设备都是通过硬件输出模拟的识别音来实现的。为了增强识别信号的实用性和使用的方便性，本文提出了一种基于 FPGA 可编程逻辑器件的数字化译码方法，实现了塔康机载设备输出模拟识别音和 ASCII 码形式的识别码。     

可控中子及X射线源测井技术发展现状及趋势

随着核仪器技术的进步以及安全健康的工业发展需求，具有人工可控性的中子源及X射线源逐步在测井领域得到推广应用，为油气等矿产资源的勘探开发提供了关键技术手段。可控中子及X射线源测井技术是以中子发生器或X射线管产生的中子或X射线与地层物质作用，通过探测中子、伽马或X射线从而进行地层孔隙度、密度、油气饱和度和元素含量的测井技术。本文概述了可控中子及X射线源测井技术，回顾了其发展历程；介绍了可控中子及X射线测井技术在数值模拟、仪器研制及数据处理方法方面的研究现状及应用，并展望了可控中子及X射线源测井技术的发展前景，认为未来可控中子及X射线源测井技术可从以下三个方面开展研究：分析不同射线在能量、时间及空间的分布规律，开展探测理论基础研究；联合不同学科优势，开展多类型多模式的新型仪器研制；增强谱数据校正及解析方法研究，开展谱信息综合分析及应用。     

激光刻痕对取向电工钢磁畴和铁损的影响

为了研究激光刻痕工艺参数对取向电工钢表面的磁畴形貌、刻痕线宽度和铁损的影响规律，开展了激光刻痕工艺试验。结果表明，激光刻痕后取向电工钢表面的磁畴宽度明显细化，且随着输入电流的增加，磁畴宽度先减小后增大；刻痕线宽度随着输入电流的增加而增大。对于本次试验样品，通过对比分析，确定最佳激光刻痕工艺参数为电流为 12 A，激光频率为 5 kHz，刻痕速度为 800 mm/s，该参数下铁损改善率可达 11.81%。     

Texture Feature Extraction Method for Ground Nephogram Based on Contourlet and the Power Spectrum Analysis Algorithm

It is important to extract texture feature from the ground-base cloud image for cloud type automatic detection. In this paper, a new method is presented to capture the contour edge, texture and geometric structure of cloud images by using Contourlet and the power spectrum analysis algorithm. More abundant texture information is extracted. Cloud images can be obtained a multiscale and multidirection decomposition. The coefficient matrix from Contourlet transform of ground nephogram is calculated. The energy, mean and variance characteristics calculated from coefficient matrix are composed of the feature information. The frequency information of the data series from the feature vector values is obtained by the power spectrum analysis. Then Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier is used to classify according to the frequency information of the trend graph of data series. It is shown that altocumulus and stratus with different texture frequencies can be effectively recognized and further subdivided the types of clouds.     

Effect of milling on the anisotropic grain growth in a sintered Ba5Nb4O15 specimen and its effect on microwave dielectric properties

In this study, relationships between the processing, microstructure, and properties of barium niobate (Ba₅Nb₄O₁₅) are investigated. The milling of a Ba₅Nb₄O₁₅ powder in water is effective with respect to size reduction. However, after milling in water, BaCO₃ is formed within the slurry. With the increase in the amount of BaCO₃ formed, the aspect ratio of the elongated Ba₅Nb₄O₁₅ grains increases. The formation of the elongated Ba₅Nb₄O₁₅ grains prohibits the densification. Hence, the microwave dielectric properties, including permittivity and quality factor, are poor because of the low density. In addition, milling in ethanol is carried out for comparison: A lower amount of BaCO₃ is formed after milling in ethanol; the extent of anisotropic grain growth is thus reduced.     

碳酸盐岩岩溶储层多井评价方法及地质应用

多井评价是建立在单井精细解释对比分析基础上的预测储层及含油气性平面分布规律的技术方法,而常规测井资料无法区分碳酸盐岩岩溶储层,因而利用多井评价结果确定岩溶发育程度在平面上的分布规律就显得十分重要。为此,在岩心标定成像测井的基础上,对四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区15口井的成像测井岩溶发育特征进行分析,建立了中二叠统茅口组岩溶发育各分带的标准成像图版,利用交会图及直方图分析各分带的常规测井响应特征,在此基础上形成了电成像测井刻度常规测井识别岩溶发育带的新方法。研究结果表明:①高石梯—磨溪地区茅口组岩溶带自上而下可划分为风化壳残积带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带以及受岩溶作用较弱的基岩;②风化壳残积带在成像测井图像显示为"暗—亮—暗"条带状模式,垂直渗流岩溶带为垂直线状与暗色斑状组合模式,水平潜流岩溶带为水平线状—层状与斑状组合模式,基岩整体显示为亮色块状模式偶见线状或斑状特征;③有效储层主要发育在垂直渗流带和水平潜流带的顶部;④该区茅口组岩溶发育主要受裂缝发育控制,而裂缝发育又与断层关系密切。结论认为,该新方法对碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的多井评价具有普遍适用性,为四川盆地中二叠统风险探井的部署提供了技术支撑。     

矿山深部卸压技术研究现状及展望

随着国内外矿山进入深部开采阶段，高应力特征显现，岩爆、冲击地压等地质灾害频发，增加了深部矿产资源开采的难度。卸压技术能够有效解决矿山深部局部高应力集中并防治矿山动力地质灾害，因而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。通过梳理国内外卸压技术研究现状，归纳总结了主要卸压技术（包括水力卸压、钻孔卸压、卸压槽/卸压巷道和爆破卸压等）及常用的研究手段（相似材料模拟和数值模拟），对比分析了各类卸压技术的优缺点。结合当前金属矿山深部开采的实际需求，提出未来卸压技术理论研究的若干重要方向：（1）深化理论研究，通过经验公式来确定合理的卸压参数，从而指导生产实践；（2）相比其他卸压技术，爆破卸压的应用前景广阔，同时多种卸压方法相结合是未来深部矿山开采的有效措施；（3）数值模拟在卸压技术及参数确定方面的优势显著，未来卸压技术研究应充分了解现场复杂地质条件，结合相似模拟、数值模拟与现场试验，提出一套适用于金属矿山深部开采实际的卸压技术方案。